SENECA LAKE LAB REPORT

Introduction:  While on the boat there was 3 different groups. Out of the three groups one measured plankton samples, Dredge samples, and chlorine consitration pl
Research Question:  A detailed and FOCUSED research question including what will be measured and what will be changed (stating your independent and dependent variables).
Hypothesis:  This is your prediction of what you will find from your experiment, so state it clearly.  Then support your prediction with scientific theory, including references to your background sources.
Variable Identification:  Include a table that lists controlled variables and how you controlled them (should be as comprehensive as possible).
Controlled Variable Method to control the variable


Experimental Setup :  Write a paragraph that describes where the experiment was performed, and what materials were used (use a passive voice, no “I” or “we”).  Include a diagram / photo of the experimental set up.  Label it and annotate it with descriptions of how you manipulated/controlled variables.   This photo or diagram should clearly illustrate exactly what you did.
Procedure:  Use numbered steps (like a recipe), and use a passive voice in the past tense.   You should always explain how to change, measure, and control variables; how to collect sufficient data, i.e. include repeats.  Specify what was measured, and what units were used.  After reading this, someone should be able to repeat your experiment and get similar results.
Data:  Include a paragraph that describes all qualitative data (and singular quantitative data) that you collected.  For multiple data readings, include a table with your raw data that follows these guidelines:
* Your raw data should be typed into tables with clear, descriptive titles for each table and headings for each row / column.  Give it an appropriate title.
* Units should not be included in each cell of the table but be summarized in the heading for the column. 
* It is best to present processed data in a separate table with a sample calculation below the table. 

Results :
* Graphs should be of the processed data or should include some processing in them, if that is more appropriate. 
* Graphs should have clear descriptive titles and labeling of the axes with appropriate scales used. 
* Statistical analysis of the data may be necessary and could include simple statistical descriptors such as mean, mode or median.
Discussion:  This should place your experiment in context (including reference to background sources), linking it to scientific knowledge.  This is also where you analyze your data, and explain trends you see in your graphs. What is implied by your results/graphs?  This section should also compare your data with that found in literature and you should cite sources for comparison.  Make sure this section is clear and uses logical reasoning.  Be very descriptive; don’t assume that the reader knows what you mean.
Evaluation:  This should analyze the weaknesses and limitations of your data and method. You must include improvements to the experiment (for each weakness you identified) and possible experimentation that could investigate the research question further.   What could you do to improve your investigation of this research question?  Also, discuss human error.  What mistakes may you have made when controlling variables and recording data?
Conclusion:  This is a relatively concise paragraph that describes whether your data supports your hypothesis.  Do not use the world “prove”.  Your data will not “prove” anything, it will only provide varying degrees of support for your hypothesis.  Make sure you support your statements with direct examples from your data.  Your conclusion needs to be reasonable.  Don’t overstate the degree to which it supports your hypothesis, and definitely do not twist your data to make it fit better with your hypothesis.
References – These should be listed in a standard format such as MLA.

EROI

1.) Tar Sand, and then Oil Shale. Tar Sand takes only 1 and you get back double what you put in. So you have extra energy accumulating faster than its being used, which can be used to extract the oil shale. Shale what you put in is what you get back. so if there isn't anything to put in you get noting back.

2.) Tar Sand and Oil Shale both require being drilled up. Uses hot water to get through to the oil being extract, both give off natural gas.

3.) Since Tar Sand gives you "bitumen" which is a very heavy and viscous oil, it needs to be broken up with natural gas and sometimes hydrogen.

4.) 85% of all energy we use comes from us "off-shore drilling" people wouldn't be able to drive or heat homes. To completely stop using this idea while the development of a cleaner and safer way to live, may take years and put the economy under a lot of stress.

5.)  A daily use of EROI could be just  getting up every morning. In order to get up it kind of start the day before. Eating to get up and brush teeth all things necessary for the rest of the day. The day require 15. You have 5 left over from the day before. And you get up and eat breakfast that's instantly 15. As you snack thru the day it adds on 2. And especially an athlete. they would need at least 5 to start the next day.

SENECA FIELD TRIP LABREPORT

QUESTION: Why is the water quality effecting the different population species of plants and animals in these waters?

DEPENDENT VARIABLE:

• Study of different species already there
• Amount of each in the same better or worst conditions
• Different locations
• Day difference

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE:

• Depth at all 3 locations

OTHER VARIABLES:

• PH
• Amount of dissolved Oxygen
• Temperature
• Turbidity

There are many factors that are bad to the success of aquatic ecosystems such as the levels of dissolved oxygen and PH. A deficiency of D.O. is a sign of an unhealthy body of water.  As mentioned in the Science on Seneca Manual, Seneca Lake is a primary source of drinking water and is useful to nearby towns and municipalities. The temperature of the lake varies. The lake can get as warm as 72 degrees fahrenheit  and it can as cold as 38 degrees fahrenheit. However all of the Finger Lakes are subjected to environmental harms such as; "agricultural pollutants, shoreline development, increasing recreational use,and the introduction of exotic species like the spiny water flea, zebra and quagga mussel and Eurasian watermilfoil". Theses environmental threats are factors that impact the water quality of Seneca Lake. As done in the Furnace Brook lab, water quality was tested by sampling macro-invertebrates present in the water, along with testing pH, Dissolved Oxygen, and Turbidity. By testing for the things mentioned above in the three soil samples taken from the lake, along with taking into account the environmental threats that impact Seneca Lake, the water quality can be determined. By seeing organisms that live or do not live in Seneca Lake, you can determine the water quality based on the organisms' pollution tolerance.

HYPOTHESIS: 
   Different organisms require different conditions. Such as salt water fish and those that live in fresh water. The salt water fish filter the salt and use it for different parts in their bodies. Verses fresh water fish. That's like putting a gold fish in salt water, they would die. They can't survive. Or like plankton different areas and plants and animals require many conditions to survive.

METHOD: 
    Find three different shallow water locations.

              2. Take the temperature of the 3 different locations.

              3.Find the pH values of all three locations

              4. Take a net and see what kind of MacroInvertebrates you get.

              5. Record your data.

              6. Find three different deep water locations.

              7.Repeat steps 1-5 for the deep water locations.

PROCEDURE:

• Collect an equal water sample from 3 of our locations 
• test for DO by adding 8 drops of the manganese(II) sulfrate solution (bottle 4167) followed by 8 drops of the alkaline potassium iodize azide solution (bottle 7166) to the LaMotte sample bottle
• mix it all up and wait 3-4 minutes to allow the orange/brown precipitate to settle
• add one level of sulfamic acid (bottle 6286) to the solution you made above 
• shake until all crystals have dissolved 
• pour this new solution from the LaMotte bottle into the titration tube up to 20ml
• fill the Direct Reading Titrator (0337) up to the 0 mark with the sodium thiosulfate solution
• put the titrator through the hole in the cap of the titration tube and stir in one drop of titrant until the bluish color is gone. 
• dump everything left over into a labeled waste container and clean with distilled water. 

Carbon Cycle

1.)breathing
2.)driving
3.)using products made in factories

Tropical Rainforests Biome

Tropical Rain Forests

Jaguars prefer wet lowland habitats, swampy savannas or  tropical rain forests. There favorite habitat is in the tropical and subtropical forests. Jaguars also live in forests and grasslands, living near rivers and lakes, in small caves, marshland, and under rock ledges; they live in shrubby areas as well. Jaguars are known to eat more than 85 species of prey, including armadillos, peccaries, capybara, tapir, deer, squirrels, birds and even snails. They don't just hunt on land, jaguars are acute at snatching fish, turtles and young caiman from the water. There are so many different plants in the rain forest. Some of the plants that include but aren't limited to vines, bromeliads, the passion fruit plant and the Victorian water lily. Vines in the rainforest can be as thick as the average human average human body and some can grow to be 3,000 ft long. A tropical rainforest
is the type of biome that occurs roughly within the latitudes 28 degrees north or south of the equator (in the equatorial zone between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn). This ecosystem gets high average temperatures and an astounding amount of rainfall.  About 1/4 of natural medicines have been discovered in rainforests.  Rainforests only cover around 2 percent the total surface area of the Earth, but really about 50 percent of the plants and animals on the earth live in the rainforest. You can find rainforests in many countries, not just in South America. They can be found in Alaska and Canada, as well as Asia, Africa and Latin America. There are two different kind of rain forest, and they include both temperate and tropical. The tropical rainforests are the ones that are most commonly found around the world. Rainforests help to regulate the temperatures around the world and the weather patterns as well. Rainforests are threatened each and every day, especially by practices such as agriculture, ranching, logging and mining. There were around 6 million square miles of rainforest in the beginning, but now because of deforestation, there are really only less than half of that still found in the world. Every second there is part of the rainforest that is cut down. In fact, you probably lose over 80,000 football fields worth of rainforest each and every day. There are a lot of different types of animals that can be found in the rainforest, and most of them cannot live anywhere else because they depend on the environment of the rainforest for their most basic needs. Did you know how many tropical rainforest plants have been identified as having anti-cancer properties?!

 

Before 1500 A.D., there were about 6 million indigenous people living in the Brazilian Amazon. But as the forests disappeared, so too did the people. In the early 1900s, there were less than 250,000 indigenous people living in the Amazon.

LAB REPORT

Furnace Brook Lab Report

Introduction: Testing the PH of water at Furnace Brook Creek. What’s a healthy PH for the micro-invertebrates. Dissolved oxygen and nitrogen compound where to be determined. Sampling this water told us the population of each species present in the water with these conditions.

Research Question:  which location would have a healthier environment; rocky and fast speed waters or non-rocky and low water speed?

Hypothesis: In fast moving waters there isn’t enough time for any species alive to absorb or catch the nutrients or daily necessities also the fact there is rocks or rough patches makes it even harder to catch them. Verses slow moving waters and non-rocky.

Variable Identification:  

Controlled variable	Method of controlled variable
Location 1	Location 2
Shady area	Shady area
Below drain	Above drain
Rocky area	Non-rocky area
Slow velocity	Fast velocity

Experimental Setup:  This experiment was done in shady areas near Corcoran High School. Two different vials were used to measure the D.O. and PH. The groups used Dissolve Oxygen tablets and potential hydrogen tablets also. The students within these groups should have found out or known that a healthy PH of 7 is reasonable to sustain life.

Procedure:

1. Get into groups

2. Using a LaMotte kit filled with the following

Ph tablets

DO tablets

Secchi disc

Thermometer

Chart with turbidity, ph and do readings

2 vials

Find a location and keep track of the coordinates

A huge net

 Water boots

 Data: 

	Total biomass in sample (g)
	Stream A	Stream B
stone fly	11	2
midge larve	8	20
caddisfly	1	1
scuds	4	4

Results:

The blue represents the second data collection. And the red represents the first time of data collection.

Discussion:  TURBIDITY OF 0.

D.O. OF 4PPM

Ph OF 7

Temperature OF 10 Degrees

Evaluation: Some things that could have affected the experiment would have been location (how high or low down the stream/creek) and time of day that the data was taken. Or maybe even the season. Speed of the water. What the environment around the water is already. What the acidity in the water already is. What human disturbances affected the water before testing. Or if we didn’t kick around the organisms in the water.

References – Macroinvertebrates - Environment." Environment. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Oct. 2015.

Work citations page "bio magnification case study"

"Biomagnification." - Wikipedia, the Encyclopedia. Bishop Lotto Numbers, Summer 2015. Web. 04 Oct. 2015.

"The DDT Story." The DDT Story. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Oct. 2015.